
Cyber Attack Methods: Tactics, Vectors, and How They Work
Cyber attack methods span a wide range of tactics attackers use to compromise systems, steal data, or disrupt services. Common methods include phishing and social engineering, malware (ransomware, trojans, worms), SQL injection and command injection, cross-site scripting (XSS), credential stuffing, man-in-the-middle attacks, and distributed denial-of-service (DDoS). Attackers also exploit misconfigurations, supply-chain weaknesses, and zero-day vulnerabilities. Understanding each method—how it works, which systems it targets, and typical indicators—helps security teams prioritize defenses. Effective protection requires layered measures: strong access controls, input validation, patch management, network segmentation, and continuous monitoring to detect and respond quickly.
